在我國，中、低壓母線短路故障中，重點設備和人員傷害主要由電弧光引起，然而，我國的大多數中低壓母線沒有設置快速母線保護，而只是采用了簡單的消弧裝置和變壓器后備保護。這些保護智能化較低，動作速度慢，往往會延長故障切除時間，從而進一步擴大設備損壞程度，甚至會引起“火燒連營”的惡性事故，沖擊變壓器一次運行，影響整個電網的安全運行。
弧光保護系統(tǒng)是我公司根據國內實際情況，吸收國外電弧光保護的特點，結合行業(yè)檢測及保護配置相關規(guī)程，自主研發(fā)出具有獨特創(chuàng)新技術、具有廣泛實用性、高可靠性的新型電弧光保護系統(tǒng)。采用弧光檢測和過電流檢測雙判據原理，具有保護動作速度快、可靠性高等特點。
引起開關柜弧光短路故障的原因很多，一般分為以下五類。
1）絕緣故障：主要是柜中絕緣材料爬距不足，未滿足加強絕緣要求，在臟污環(huán)境，天氣潮濕下發(fā)生絕緣故障。另外，由于絕緣材料材質缺陷，運行年限較長的開關柜，在強電磁場作用下絕緣老化，也可能造成絕緣損壞而導致故障。
2）載流回路不良：由于一些接頭截面不夠，緊固螺栓松動，手車柜觸頭接觸不良，在大電流流過時引起發(fā)熱，冒火進而引起相間，相對地擊穿等等。
3）外來物體的進入：如小動物（老鼠等）進入開關柜內部，或維修人員在工作完成后將工具遺留在開關柜內。
4）認為操作錯誤：如走錯間隔，誤操作，未對工作區(qū)域進行接地，未對工作區(qū)域進行驗電等。
5）系統(tǒng)方面的原因：如系統(tǒng)容量增大，接地方式改變，電纜應用增多，保護及自控裝置配置不當，系統(tǒng)諧振過電壓等。
開關柜內的發(fā)生短路弧光的功率可高達100MW，電弧燃燒所產生的能量與電弧的燃燒時間及短路電流變化值呈指數倍增長（如下圖所示），燃燒產生的高溫、高壓將會逐步摧毀元器件、銅排以及成列的開關柜，高明亮的弧光和有毒氣體對人體也有巨大的傷害。
要保證設備不受結構性損傷，必須盡量縮短切除時間。
以下為國外資料介紹的各種燃弧時間長短和對設備造成的損壞程度的評估：
電弧光保護系統(tǒng)，可以起到以下作用：
The Arc protection system functions as follows:
1） 減少或降低電弧光對于人體的傷害；
1) Reduce or decrease the harms of Arc to human body;
2） 減少或降低電弧光短路故障對于設備的損害；
2) Reduce or decrease the damage of Arc short circuit fault to the equipment;
3） 避免變壓器因近距離母線故障造成動穩(wěn)定破壞，延長變壓器的使用壽命；
3) Avoid the dynamic stability damage caused by the close range busbar fault of transformer and extend the service life of the transformer;
4） 縮短電弧光故障切除時間，避免波及站內直流系統(tǒng)造成重大損失；
4) Shorten the Arc fault clearing time to avoid significant losses caused by the DC system in the station;
5） 減少因電弧光故障造成設備停運的時間，更快地恢復供電；
5) Reduce the equipment shutdown time caused by the Arc fault and restore the power more quickly;
1） 電力變電站
1) Power substation
2） 常規(guī)電氣段開關柜
2) Switch cabinet of conventional electrical section power plant
3）風電場升壓站集電線路開關柜
3) Collector line switchgear of booster station of wind farm
4）箱式變電站
4) Box substation
1）．動作迅速可靠：
1）. Rapid and reliable motion:
采用了可靠的快速算法，可以在短時間內判斷弧光變化信號和電流變化信號并迅速出口，從發(fā)現(xiàn)故障到出口跳閘時間間隔優(yōu)于10ms，確保開關柜內設備的弧光在75ms以內切除。
By adopting the reliable fast algorithm, the Arc and current change signals can be judged and rapidly sent to the outlet in a short time. The time interval from discovering the fault to tripping at the outlet is shorter than 10ms so as to ensure that the Arc in the switchgear can be removed within 75ms.
2）．全數字化設計：
2）. Complete digital design:
本裝置采用全數字化設計，配置靈活，動作精度高，而且排除了由于旋鈕或其他機械設計導致的誤差隱患。
The device adopts complete digital design which is characterized by flexible configuration and high motion precision and excludes the hidden trouble of errors caused by the knob or other mechanical design.
3）．原理簡單
3）.Simple principle
根據弧光產生時的特點，裝置采用弧光和電流雙重判據，判據簡單且可以有效的保證動作的準確性。
The device adopts the double criterion of Arc and current according to the characteristics when the Arc is generated. The criteria are simple and can effectively ensure the accuracy of motion.
4）．強大的電氣性能：
4）. Strong electrical performance:
弧光探頭設計、連接線等全部采用耐高溫、阻燃的高分子材料，具有超強的電氣隔離效果。裝置完全滿足EMC的標準，保證了弧光保護系統(tǒng)的整體穩(wěn)定性和動作的可靠性。
The Arc probe and connecting wire are made from heat-resistant and flame-retardant polymer materials which have superior electrical isolation effect. The device completely meets the EMC standard and ensures the overall stability of the Arc protection system as well as motion reliability.
5）．故障信息記錄全面
5）. Comprehensive record of fault information
在故障弧光發(fā)生并引起裝置跳閘后，主控單元或饋線保護單元可以準確的記錄弧光探頭檢測到故障弧光的位置信息，且可以詳細記錄動作時刻的三相電流值。
After fault Arc occurs and causes tripping, the main control unit or feeder protection unit can record the location information of the fault Arc detected by the Arc probe accurately and record the three-phase current value at the moment of motion in details.
弧光保護系統(tǒng)主要由主控單元、弧光采集單元和弧光傳感器組成，為了適應現(xiàn)場的應用需求，分為了母線型弧光保護系統(tǒng)和饋線型弧光保護系統(tǒng)。
The Arc protection system is mainly composed of the main control unit, the Arc acquisition unit and the Arc sensor. In order to meet the field application requirements, it is divided into bus Arc protection system and feeder Arc protection system.
2.2.1 主控單元
2.2.1 Main control unit
主控單元是母線型弧光保護系統(tǒng)的核心。它檢測分析故障信號、接收分析采集單元的弧光故障信號，并對兩種信號進行綜合分析判斷。在滿足跳閘條件時，發(fā)出跳閘指令以切除故障。主控單元一般安裝在進線柜或緊鄰進線柜的開關柜的二次控制門板上。
The main control unit is the core of the bus Arc protection system. It detects and analyzes the fault signal, receives and analyzes the Arc fault signal of the acquisition unit, and makes the comprehensive analysis and judgment of the two signals. When the tripping condition is satisfied, it issues the trip instruction to remove the fault.The main control unit is usually installed on the secondary control panel of the access cabinet or the switch cabinet near the access cabinet.
主控單元具備如下特點：
The main control unit has the following characteristics:
1）48個弧光信號檢測接口，用于接收來自弧光傳感器的弧光故障信號；
1) There are 48 Arc signal detection interfaces that are used to receive Arc fault signals from Arc sensors.
2）2個數據通訊接口，1路RS485，1路以太網；
2) There are 2 data communication interfaces, 1-route RS485, 1-route Ethernet.
3）4路快速跳閘輸出接口，符合IEC255-23繼電器標準。
3) There are 4-route fast tripping output interfaces that conform to the IEC255-23 relay standard.
4）2路報警出口，其中一路為裝置故障出口。
4) There are 2 alarm outlets, one of which is the device fault outlet
5）12路電流輸入，檢測4組三相電流信號，用于判斷故障電流。
5) There are 12-route current input that detects 4 groups of three-phase current signals and judges the fault current.
2.2.2 弧光傳感器
2.2.2 Arc sensor
弧光傳感器中的探頭安裝在柜內各間隔中，可實現(xiàn)由簡單到復雜、有選擇性的保護?；」馓筋^作為光感應元件，在發(fā)生弧光故障時檢測突然增加的光強。
The probe in the Arc sensor is installed in each interval of the cabinet, which can realize the selective protection from simple to complex. The Arc sensor is used as a light sensing element to detect sudden increase of light intensity when Arc failure occurs.
光纖式弧光傳感器，前置探頭采集弧光信號中的特有光譜信息，并通過專用光纖將光信號傳送給弧光采集單元或主控單元，弧光單元或主控單元完成光信號的分析處理與采集。
The pre-probe of optical fiber type Arc sensor collects the special spectral information of Arc signal, and transmits the optical signal to the Arc acquisition unit or the main control unit through the special optical fiber, and the Arc unit or the main control unit completes the analysis, processing and acquisition of the optical signal.
本系統(tǒng)具有以下技術特點：
The system has the following technical characteristics:
1）滿足所有電磁兼容（EMC）標準；
1) It satisfies all electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards;
2） 符合中國繼電保護設計標準要求；
2) It conforms to the requirements of China's relay protection design standards;
3） 采用過流及弧光雙重判據，可靠性高；
3) It adopts the double criterion of over-current and Arc, with high reliability.
4） 新型光纖連接傳輸，光電轉換在裝置內完成，抗電磁干擾能力強；
4) It is connected and transmits with new optical fiber, and photoelectric conversion is completed in the device, with strong electromagnetic interference resistance;
5） 采用過濾干擾光的新型弧光傳感器，具有過濾干擾光的功能，避免可見光傳感器受環(huán)境光照影響引起誤動；
5) It adopts a new type of Arc sensor to filter the interference light to filter the interference light, and avoid the visible light sensor mal-operation caused by the influence of ambient light.
6）出口跳閘時間小于10ms，遠快于傳統(tǒng)的母線保護，對開關柜的內部弧光故障總切除時間可以控制在75ms以內；
6) Outlet tripping time is less than 10ms, which is much faster than traditional bus protection. The total removal time of internal Arc faults of switch cabinet can be controlled within 75ms.
7）全漢字(英文)顯示，操作習慣和傳統(tǒng)數字式保護完全一致；
7) It is displayed with full Chinese（English）characters, and operation habits are identical with traditional digital protection.
8) The logic of trip exit is programmable.
主控單元采用全封閉4U 1/2標準機箱，嵌入式安裝于屏(柜)上。插件為后插導軌式，插緊后上下有鎖緊螺絲。機箱安裝開孔尺寸圖如下:
The main control unit adopts the fully enclosed 4U 1/2 standard case, and is mounted on the screen (cabinet). The plug-in is a rear-insert guide rail with tight screws up and down. The size of the mounting holes is as follows:
江蘇省南京市江寧區(qū)中科路7號
025 5276 8778
025 5276 8778
